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José Luis de Oriol y Urigüen
José Luis de Oriol y Urigüen, 2nd Marquis of Casa Oriol (1877 – 1972), was a Spanish businessman, architect and a conservative/Carlist politician.
==Family and youth==
José Luis Valentin Oriol was born〔most sources claim his birth year is 1877, see the ''Geneanet'' genealogical service (here ), though the ''Geneallnet'' web claims 1888, see (here )〕 to a distinguished Catalan landowner family, his first ancestors recorded in the 17th century.〔Alfonso Ballestero, ''José Ma de Oriol y Urquijo'', Madrid 2014, ISBN 8483569159, 9788483569153, chapter ''Antecedentes familiares'', p. 1 (first page of the chapter, original pagination not available; all subsequent page references are marked as subsequent page in chapter)〕 The brother of his paternal grandfather, Buenaventura de Oriol y Salvador, was a prominent Carlist; in return for his service to the cause, Carlos VII made him marquis of Oriol in 1870.〔Ballestero 2014, p. 1〕 José’s father, José María de Oriol y Gordo (1842-1899),〔''José María de Oriol y Gordo'' entry at ''Geni'' service available (here )〕 pursued a military engineer career〔''ABC'' 20.04.72 available (here )〕 and as a colonel〔Ainhoa Arozamena Ayala, ''José Luis Oriol Urigüen'', () ''Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia'' available (here ), also ''La Vanguardia'' 09.08.1967 available (here )〕 sided with the legitimists during the Third Carlist War.〔Ballestero 2014, p. 1; some sources claim he was Segundo jefe del Estado Mayor de Dorregarray, ''ABC'' 20.04.72 available (here )〕 Briefly on exile in France,〔some sources claim he spent many years on exile and Jose Luis received his education in Paris, see
''Oriol y Urigüen, José Luis (1877-1972)'' entry at ''mcn.biografias'' available (here )〕 while the war was still ongoing he married Maria de los Dolores Tiburcia Urigüen Urigüen.〔on February 19, 1876, Ballestero 2014, p. 1; they met in the French San Juan da Luz, ''ABC'' 20.04.72 available (here )〕 A native of Portugalete and daughter of a prominent member of the emerging Biscay bourgeoisie, Lucien Urigüen,〔Gorka Pérez de la Peña Oleaga, ''Los Ensanches del muelle nuevo de Portugalete: (1869-1917)'', () ''Cuadernos de sección. Historia-Geografía Donostia'' 21 (1993), p. 189, available (here )〕 she was heir to a commercial fortune and descendant to a Liberal, anti-Carlist family.〔Ballestero 2014, p. 1; he took part in defense of Bilbao against the Carlists, ''ABC'' 20.04.72 available (here ), Ainhoa Arozamena Ayala, ''José Luis Oriol Urigüen''〕
The couple settled in Bilbao, where both José Luis and his younger sister María were born.〔Ballestero 2014, p. 4; ''Geni'' claims there was also one more sister, Isabel María de la Concepción Bárbara de Oriol y Urigüen see (here )〕 José studied architecture in Madrid, graduating as the first in class in 1903,〔Ballestero 2014, p. 4, ''ABC'' 20.04.72 available (here )〕 to continue with his studies later on in Paris.〔Some sources claim he spent all his youth in Paris, see ''El Pais'' 05.11.85 available (here )〕 In 1904 he married an alavesa,〔Virginia López de Maturana, ''La construcción del imaginario simbólico en Vitoria durante el Franquismo: La alcaldía de Luis Ibarra (1957-1966)'', () ''Sancho el sabio: Revista de cultura e investigación Vasca'' 36 (2013), p. 233; Ainhoa Arozamena Ayala, ''José Luis Oriol Urigüen'' describes her as Bilbaina〕 Catalina de Urquijo Vitórica. Her father, Lucas Urquijo Urrutia, made his name as a highly successful Basque entrepreneur, co-founder of Hidroeléctrica Española,〔set up in 1907 jointly with Juan Urrutia, an engineer and heart and soul of the technical dimension of the project, Ballestero 2014, p. 4〕 co-owner of Banco Urquijo〔set up by his brother, for details see Onésimo Díaz Hernández, ''Los primeros años del Banco Urquijo (1918-1931)'' (of Navarre paper ), available (here )〕 and a number of other companies;〔like La Salobreña in Granada or Compañía Minero-Metalúrgica Los Guindos, Ballestero 2014, p. 4〕 also Catalina’s mother owned an immense fortune.〔it consisted of a number of rural properties in Álava and urban estates in Madrid, Ballestero 2014, p. 5〕 From 1905 to 1924 the couple, residing in Madrid, enjoyed birth of 8 children, José María, Lucas, Fernando, Antonio María, Sacramento, Teresa, Catalina〔a carmelistan nun in Cerro, see ''El Pais'' 05.11.85 available (here )〕 and Ignacio.〔< see ''José Luis Valentín de Oriol y Urigüen'' entry at ''Geni'' available (here )〕 Four of their five sons enlisted later as the Carlist military volunteers, Requeté (the youngest one as a 13-year-old could not enlist).〔Julio Aróstegui, ''Combatientes Requetés en la Guerra Civil española, 1936-1939'', Madrid 2013, ISBN 9788499709758, for Antonio Maria see pp. 444, 718, 798, 800, for Fernando see p. 444, for José Maria see p. 718, for Lucas María see pp. 718, 720, 800, 802, 804〕 Except Fernando, who died in combat,〔''Luis Fernando de Oriol y Urquijo'' entry at ''Geni'' available (here )〕 all of them became well known figures in the Francoist Spain, either as public servants and politicians or businessmen and entrepreneurs. Many of their numerous offspring are currently present in various areas of public life in Spain, be it politics,〔Monica Oriol Icaza, the first woman to lead Circulo de Empresarios, dubbed “la empresaria de hierro” is José Luis’ great-granddaughter, see (here )〕 business〔Inigo de Oriol y Ybarra was a CEO of Iberdrola, see ''El Pais'' 08.10.11 available (here ),〕 or arts.〔Miquelo Oriol worked as architect and set up a design studio, see (here ), see also ''El Pais'' 28.01.00 available (here )〕
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